Spring Boot 整合 JWT
作者:好奇的 mao
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42524288/article/details/119391816
springboot 整合 jwt 步驟:
1、登錄時,驗證賬號和密碼成功後,生成 jwt,返回給前端;
2、前端接收後保存,再做其他操作,比如增刪改查時,同時將 jwt 傳給後端進行驗證,如果 jwt 當作參數一起傳給後端,那麼每個操作都會有 jwt,爲了方便,把 jwt 放到請求頭中,通過攔截器來驗證。
代碼
代碼結構圖如下,除了常規的 controller、entity、mapper 和 service 層,還有兩個攔截器和註冊攔截器,圖中用紅字進行註釋(這篇文章稍微有點長,因爲我把代碼都放上來了,結合下邊的思路和結構圖就能理解個大概)。
思路:有請求過來,通過攔截器進行攔截,但放行登錄請求,如果登錄成功,生成 JWT 令牌,返回給前端,當前端再有其他請求過來時,攔截器會攔截並解析 token,如果通過就允許業務操作,否則就返回相應提示信息。
1、創建 jwt 數據庫,然後創建 user 表
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
插入數據
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, 'zhangsan', '123');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (2, 'lisi', '123');
2、創建 Spring Boot 項目,在 pom 文件中,添加 jwt 等一些依賴和 properties:
<!--jwt-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
<artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!--我的mysql是5.6,所以這裏是5.1版本-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.3.8</version>
</dependency>
編寫 application.properties
server.port=8899
spring.application.name=jwt
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jwt?useSSL=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.jwt.entity
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
#打印sql
logging.level.com.jwt.mapper=debug
3、編寫代碼
3.1、編寫 entity 包下的 User 類
public class User {
private String id;
private String username;
private String password;
//省略了get和set方法
}
3.2、編寫 util 包下的 JWTUtils 類
public class JWTUtils {
private static final String SING = "lu123456";
/**
* 生成token
*/
public static String getToken(Map<String,String> map){
Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
//默認7天過期
instance.add(Calendar.DATE,7);
//創建jwt builder
JWTCreator.Builder builder = JWT.create();
map.forEach((k,v)->{
builder.withClaim(k,v);
});
String token = builder.withExpiresAt(instance.getTime())
.sign(Algorithm.HMAC256(SING));
return token;
}
/**
* 驗證token合法性
*/
public static DecodedJWT verify(String token){
return JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(SING)).build().verify(token);
}
}
3.3、編寫 controller 層下 UserController 類
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/user/login")
public Map<String,Object> login(User user){
log.info("用戶名:[{}]",user.getUsername());
log.info("密碼:[{}]",user.getPassword());
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
try {
User userDB = userService.login(user);
Map<String,String> payload = new HashMap<>();
payload.put("id",userDB.getId());
payload.put("username",userDB.getUsername());
//生成JWT令牌
String token = JWTUtils.getToken(payload);
map.put("state",true);
map.put("token",token);
map.put("msg","認證成功");
}catch (Exception e){
map.put("state",false);
map.put("msg",e.getMessage());
}
return map;
}
@PostMapping("/user/test")
public Map<String,Object> test(String token){
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("state",true);
map.put("msg","請求成功");
return map;
}
}
3.4、編寫 service 層下 UserService 類和 UserServiceImpl 類
public interface UserService {
User login (User user);
}
實現類:
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS)
public User login(User user) {
//查詢數據庫
User userDB = userMapper.login(user);
if (userDB != null){
return userDB;
}
throw new RuntimeException("登錄失敗");
}
}
3.5、編寫 mapper 層的 UserMapper 類
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
User login(User user);
}
3.6、編寫與 UserMapper 對應的 UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.jwt.mapper.UserMapper">
<select parameterType="com.jwt.entity.User" resultType="com.jwt.entity.User">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = #{username} AND password = #{password}
</select>
</mapper>
3.7、配置攔截器,這樣得到 jwt 後,再次請求時把 jwt 放到請求頭中,就可以不用當參數傳遞。
編寫 JWTInterceptor 類:
/**
* 配置攔截器
*/
public class JWTInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//獲取請求頭中的令牌
String token = request.getHeader("token");
try {
//驗證令牌
DecodedJWT verify = JWTUtils.verify(token);
return true;
} catch (SignatureVerificationException e){
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("msg","無效簽名");
} catch (TokenExpiredException e){
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("msg","token過期");
} catch (AlgorithmMismatchException e){
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("msg","token算法不一致");
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("msg","token無效");
}
map.put("state","flase");
//將map轉爲json
String json = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map);
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter().println(json);
return false;
}
}
編寫 InterceptorConfig 類:
/**
* 註冊攔截器
*/
@Configuration
public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new JWTInterceptor())
//攔截
.addPathPatterns("/user/test")
//放行
.excludePathPatterns("/user/login");
}
}
4、測試
運行程序後,使用 postman 進行測試,登錄如下圖
請求方式:get
url:http://localhost:8899/user/login?username=zhangsan&password=123
然後點擊 send,就會看到返回成功和 token
請求測試
請求方式:post
url:http://localhost:8899/user/test
點擊 header,在請求頭中添加 token,然後點擊 send
參考 b 站視頻整理:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1i54y1m7cP?p=1
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來源:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/sWy2QYBp3H9jLYSyinWkwQ