Shell 命令執行可視化和告警工具
鏈接:https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/212820.html
Sampler 是一個用於 shell 命令執行,可視化和告警的工具。其配置使用的是一個簡單的 YAML 文件。
1、爲什麼我需要它?
你可以直接從終端對任意動態進程進行採樣 – 觀察數據庫中的更改,監控 MQ 動態消息(in-flight messages),觸發部署腳本並在完成後獲取通知。
如果有一種方法可以使用 shell 命令獲取指標(metric),那麼可以使用 Sampler 立即對其進行可視化。
2、安裝
macOS
brew cask install sampler
或
sudo curl -Lo /usr/local/bin/sampler https://github.com/sqshq/sampler/releases/download/v1.0.3/sampler-1.0.3-darwin-amd64
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/sampler
Linux
sudo wget https://github.com/sqshq/sampler/releases/download/v1.0.3/sampler-1.0.3-linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/sampler
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/sampler
注意:需要爲 Sampler 安裝 libasound2-dev 系統庫用以播放觸發器聲音。通常庫已安裝在相應位置,但如果沒有 – 你可以使用你習慣的包管理器進行安裝,例如 apt install libasound2-dev
Windows(實驗)
建議在高級控制檯模擬器下使用,如 Cmder
Download .exe
3、使用
指定 shell 命令,Sampler 會相應的速率執行這些命令。輸出用於可視化。
使用 Sampler 基本上的三步過程:
在 YAML 配置文件中定義 shell 命令
運行 sampler -c config.yml
在 UI 上調整組件大小和位置
市面早已有許多監控系統
Sampler 絕不是監控系統的替代品,而是易於設置的開發工具。
如果 spinning up 和使用 Grafana 配置 Prometheus 是完全多餘的任務,那麼 Sampler 可能是正確的解決方案。沒有服務器,沒有數據庫,不需要部署 – 你指定了 shell 命令,它就可以工作了。
我監控的每臺服務器上都需要安裝嗎?
不,你可以在本地運行 Sampler,但仍然可以從多臺遠程計算機上收集遙測數據。任何可視化都可能具有 init 命令,你可以在其中 ssh 到遠程服務器。請參閱 SSH example
4、組件
以下是每種組件類型的配置示例列表,其中包含與 macOS 兼容的採樣腳本。
Runchart
runcharts:
- title: Search engine response time
rate-ms: 500 # sampling rate, default = 1000
scale: 2 # number of digits after sample decimal point, default = 1
legend:
enabled: true # enables item labels, default = true
details: false # enables item statistics: cur/min/max/dlt values, default = true
items:
- label: GOOGLE
sample: curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}' https://www.google.com
color: 178 # 8-bit color number, default one is chosen from a pre-defined palette
- label: YAHOO
sample: curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}' https://search.yahoo.com
- label: BING
sample: curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}' https://www.bing.com
Sparkline
sparklines:
- title: CPU usage
rate-ms: 200
scale: 0
sample: ps -A -o %cpu | awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}'
- title: Free memory pages
rate-ms: 200
scale: 0
sample: memory_pressure | grep 'Pages free' | awk '{print $3}'
Barchart
barcharts:
- title: Local network activity
rate-ms: 500 # sampling rate, default = 1000
scale: 0 # number of digits after sample decimal point, default = 1
items:
- label: UDP bytes in
sample: nettop -J bytes_in -l 1 -m udp | awk '{sum += $4} END {print sum}'
- label: UDP bytes out
sample: nettop -J bytes_out -l 1 -m udp | awk '{sum += $4} END {print sum}'
- label: TCP bytes in
sample: nettop -J bytes_in -l 1 -m tcp | awk '{sum += $4} END {print sum}'
- label: TCP bytes out
sample: nettop -J bytes_out -l 1 -m tcp | awk '{sum += $4} END {print sum}'
Gauge
gauges:
- title: Minute progress
rate-ms: 500 # sampling rate, default = 1000
scale: 2 # number of digits after sample decimal point, default = 1
percent-only: false # toggle display of the current value, default = false
color: 178 # 8-bit color number, default one is chosen from a pre-defined palette
cur:
sample: date +%S # sample script for current value
max:
sample: echo 60 # sample script for max value
min:
sample: echo 0 # sample script for min value
- title: Year progress
cur:
sample: date +%j
max:
sample: echo 365
min:
sample: echo 0
Textbox
textboxes:
- title: Local weather
rate-ms: 10000 # sampling rate, default = 1000
sample: curl wttr.in?0ATQF
border: false # border around the item, default = true
color: 178 # 8-bit color number, default is white
- title: Docker containers stats
rate-ms: 500
sample: docker stats --no-stream --format "table {{.Name}}\t{{.CPUPerc}}\t{{.MemUsage}}\t{{.PIDs}}"
Asciibox
asciiboxes:
- title: UTC time
rate-ms: 500 # sampling rate, default = 1000
font: 3d # font type, default = 2d
border: false # border around the item, default = true
color: 43 # 8-bit color number, default is white
sample: env TZ=UTC date +%r
5、額外功能
Triggers
觸發器允許執行條件操作,如視覺 / 聲音告警或任意 shell 命令。以下示例說明了此概念。
Clock gauge,從開始的每分鐘顯示時間進度和當前時間
gauges:
- title: MINUTE PROGRESS
position: [[0, 18], [80, 0]]
cur:
sample: date +%S
max:
sample: echo 60
min:
sample: echo 0
triggers:
- title: CLOCK BELL EVERY MINUTE
condition: '[ $label == "cur" ] && [ $cur -eq 0 ] && echo 1 || echo 0' # expects "1" as TRUE indicator
actions:
terminal-bell: true # standard terminal bell, default = false
sound: true # NASA quindar tone, default = false
visual: false # notification with current value on top of the component area, default = false
script: say -v samantha `date +%I:%M%p` # an arbitrary script, which can use $cur, $prev and $label variables
搜索引擎延遲圖表,在延遲超過閾值時向用戶發出告警
runcharts:
- title: SEARCH ENGINE RESPONSE TIME (sec)
rate-ms: 200
items:
- label: GOOGLE
sample: curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}' https://www.google.com
- label: YAHOO
sample: curl -o /dev/null -s -w '%{time_total}' https://search.yahoo.com
triggers:
- title: Latency threshold exceeded
condition: echo "$prev < 0.3 && $cur > 0.3" |bc -l # expects "1" as TRUE indicator
actions:
terminal-bell: true # standard terminal bell, default = false
sound: true # NASA quindar tone, default = false
visual: true # visual notification on top of the component area, default = false
script: 'say alert: ${label} latency exceeded ${cur} second' # an arbitrary script, which can use $cur, $prev and $label variables
交互式 shell 支持
除了 sample 命令之外,還可以指定 init 命令(在採樣前僅執行一次)和 transform 命令(後處理採樣命令輸出)。這包括交互式 shell 用例,例如僅建立與數據庫的連接一次,然後在交互式 shell 會話中執行輪詢。
Basic mode
textboxes:
- title: MongoDB polling
rate-ms: 500
init: mongo --quiet --host=localhost test # executes only once to start the interactive session
sample: Date.now(); # executes with a required rate, in scope of the interactive session
transform: echo result = $sample # executes in scope of local session, $sample variable is available for transformation
PTY mode
在某些情況下,交互式 shell 將無法工作,因爲它的 stdin 不是終端。這種情況下我們可以使用 PTY 模式:
textboxes:
- title: Neo4j polling
pty: true # enables pseudo-terminal mode, default = false
init: cypher-shell -u neo4j -p pwd --format plain
sample: RETURN rand();
transform: echo "$sample" | tail -n 1
- title: Top on a remote server
pty: true # enables pseudo-terminal mode, default = false
init: ssh -i ~/user.pem ec2-user@1.2.3.4
sample: top
init 命令逐步執行
在開始採樣之前,還可以逐個執行多個 init 命令。
textboxes:
- title: Java application uptime
multistep-init:
- java -jar jmxterm-1.0.0-uber.jar
- open host:port # or local PID
- bean java.lang:type=Runtime
sample: get Uptime
變量
如果配置文件包含重複的模式,則可以將它們提取到變量部分。此外,還可以在啓動時使用 - v/–variable 標誌指定變量,並且任意的系統環境變量也可以在腳本中使用。
variables:
mongoconnection: mongo --quiet --host=localhost test
barcharts:
- title: MongoDB documents by status
items:
- label: IN_PROGRESS
init: $mongoconnection
sample: db.getCollection('events').find({status:'IN_PROGRESS'}).count()
- label: SUCCESS
init: $mongoconnection
sample: db.getCollection('events').find({status:'SUCCESS'}).count()
- label: FAIL
init: $mongoconnection
sample: db.getCollection('events').find({status:'FAIL'}).count()
顏色主題
theme: light # default = dark
sparklines:
- title: CPU usage
sample: ps -A -o %cpu | awk '{s+=$1} END {print s}'
6、真實場景
數據庫
以下是不同的數據庫連接示例。建議使用交互式 shell(init 腳本)僅建立一次連接,然後在採樣期間重用即可。
MySQL
# prerequisite: installed mysql shell
variables:
mysql_connection: mysql -u root -s --database mysql --skip-column-names
sparklines:
- title: MySQL (random number example)
pty: true
init: $mysql_connection
sample: select rand();
PostgreSQL
# prerequisite: installed psql shell
variables:
PGPASSWORD: pwd
postgres_connection: psql -h localhost -U postgres --no-align --tuples-only
sparklines:
- title: PostgreSQL (random number example)
init: $postgres_connection
sample: select random();
MongoDB
# prerequisite: installed mongo shell
variables:
mongo_connection: mongo --quiet --host=localhost test
sparklines:
- title: MongoDB (random number example)
init: $mongo_connection
sample: Math.random();
Neo4j
# prerequisite: installed cypher shell
variables:
neo4j_connection: cypher-shell -u neo4j -p pwd --format plain
sparklines:
- title: Neo4j (random number example)
pty: true
init: $neo4j_connection
sample: RETURN rand();
transform: echo "$sample" | tail -n 1
Kafka
檢查 kafka lag 值,計算每個隊列 lag 值的和,高於閾值報警,多 consumergroup,多 topic。
variables:
kafka_connection: $KAFKA_HOME/bin/kafka-consumer-groups --bootstrap-server localhost:9092
runcharts:
- title: Kafka lag per consumer group
rate-ms: 5000
scale: 0
items:
- label: A->B
sample: $kafka_connection --group group_a --describe | awk 'NR>1 {sum += $5} END {print sum}'
- label: B->C
sample: $kafka_connection --group group_b --describe | awk 'NR>1 {sum += $5} END {print sum}'
- label: C->D
sample: $kafka_connection --group group_c --describe | awk 'NR>1 {sum += $5} END {print sum}'
Docker
Docker 容器統計信息(CPU,MEM,O/I)
textboxes:
- title: Docker containers stats
sample: docker stats --no-stream --format "table {{.Name}}\t{{.CPUPerc}}\t{{.MemPerc}}\t{{.MemUsage}}\t{{.NetIO}}\t{{.BlockIO}}\t{{.PIDs}}"
SSH
遠程服務器上的 TOP 命令
variables:
sshconnection: ssh -i ~/my-key-pair.pem ec2-user@1.2.3.4
textboxes:
- title: SSH
pty: true
init: $sshconnection
sample: top
JMX
Java 應用程序的正常運行示例
# prerequisite: download [jmxterm jar file](https://docs.cyclopsgroup.org/jmxterm)
textboxes:
- title: Java application uptime
multistep-init:
- java -jar jmxterm-1.0.0-uber.jar
- open host:port # or local PID
- bean java.lang:type=Runtime
sample: get Uptime
transform: echo $sample | tr -dc '0-9' | awk '{printf "%.1f min", $1/1000/60}'
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